Melhorar a velocidade do dnf do Fedora Linux.

O gerenciador de pacotes dnf possui varias configurações e dentre elas temos algumas para melhorar a sua velocidade e download de pacotes, confira.

 

 

 dnf

O dnf é o gerenciador e pacotes da distribuição Linux Fedora, por padrão ele usa o arquivo de configuração global em /etc/dnf/dnf.conf e nesse arquivos podemos alterar o comportamento do dnf.

No quadro abaixo temos todas as opções para o arquivo e configurações.

 

 
[main] Options allow_vendor_change boolean If disabled dnf will stick to vendor when upgrading or downgrading rpms. Default is True Warning This option is currently not supported for downgrade and distro-sync commands arch string The architecture used for installing packages. By default this is auto-detected. Often used together with ignorearch option. assumeno boolean If enabled dnf will assume No where it would normally prompt for confirmation from user input. Default is False. assumeyes boolean If enabled dnf will assume Yes where it would normally prompt for confirmation from user input (see also defaultyes). Default is False. autocheck_running_kernel boolean Automatic check whether there is installed newer kernel module with security update than currently running kernel. Default is True. basearch string The base architecture used for installing packages. By default this is auto-detected. best boolean True instructs the solver to either use a package with the highest available version or fail. On False, do not fail if the latest version cannot be installed and go with the lower version. The default is False. Note this option in particular can be set in your configuration file by your distribution. Also note that the use of the highest available version is only guaranteed for the packages directly requested and not for their dependencies. cachedir string Path to a directory used by various DNF subsystems for storing cache data. Has a reasonable root-writable default depending on the distribution. DNF needs to be able to create files and directories at this location. cacheonly boolean If set to True DNF will run entirely from system cache, will not update the cache and will use it even in case it is expired. Default is False. API Notes: Must be set before repository objects are created. Plugins must set this in the pre_config hook. Later changes are ignored. check_config_file_age boolean Specifies whether dnf should automatically expire metadata of repos, which are older than their corresponding configuration file (usually the dnf.conf file and the foo.repo file). Default is True (perform the check). Expire of metadata is also affected by metadata age. See also metadata_expire. clean_requirements_on_remove boolean Remove dependencies that are no longer used during dnf remove. A package only qualifies for removal via clean_requirements_on_remove if it was installed through DNF but not on explicit user request, i.e. it was pulled in as a dependency. The default is True. (installonlypkgs are never automatically removed.) config_file_path string Path to the default main configuration file. Default is /etc/dnf/dnf.conf. debuglevel integer Debug messages output level, in the range 0 to 10. The higher the number the more debug output is put to stdout. Default is 2. debug_solver boolean Controls whether the libsolv debug files should be created when solving the transaction. The debug files are created in the ./debugdata directory. Default is False. defaultyes boolean If enabled the default answer to user confirmation prompts will be Yes. Not to be confused with assumeyes which will not prompt at all. Default is False. diskspacecheck boolean Controls wheather rpm shoud check available disk space during the transaction. Default is True. errorlevel integer Error messages output level, in the range 0 to 10. The higher the number the more error output is put to stderr. Default is 3. This is deprecated in DNF and overwritten by --verbose commandline option. exclude_from_weak list Prevent installing packages as weak dependencies (recommends or supplements). The packages can be specified by a name or a glob and separated by a comma. Defaults to []. exclude_from_weak_autodetect boolean If enabled, dnf will autodetect unmet weak dependencies (recommends or supplements) of packages installed on the system. Providers of these weak dependencies will not be installed by dnf as weak dependencies any more (they will still be installed if pulled in as a regular dependency). Defaults to true. exit_on_lock boolean Should the dnf client exit immediately when something else has the lock. Default is False. gpgkey_dns_verification boolean Should the dnf attempt to automatically verify GPG verification keys using the DNS system. This option requires the unbound python module (python3-unbound) to be installed on the client system. This system has two main features. The first one is to check if any of the already installed keys have been revoked. Automatic removal of the key is not yet available, so it is up to the user, to remove revoked keys from the system. The second feature is automatic verification of new keys when a repository is added to the system. In interactive mode, the result is written to the output as a suggestion to the user. In non-interactive mode (i.e. when -y is used), this system will automatically accept keys that are available in the DNS and are correctly signed using DNSSEC. It will also accept keys that do not exist in the DNS system and their NON-existence is cryptographically proven using DNSSEC. This is mainly to preserve backward compatibility. Default is False. group_package_types list List of the following: optional, default, mandatory. Tells dnf which type of packages in groups will be installed when ‘groupinstall’ is called. Default is: default, mandatory. ignorearch boolean If set to True, RPM will allow attempts to install packages incompatible with the CPU’s architecture. Defaults to False. Often used together with arch option. installonlypkgs list List of provide names of packages that should only ever be installed, never upgraded. Kernels in particular fall into this category. These packages are never removed by dnf autoremove even if they were installed as dependencies (see clean_requirements_on_remove for auto removal details). This option append the list values to the default installonlypkgs list used by DNF. The number of kept package versions is regulated by installonly_limit. installonly_limit integer Number of installonly packages allowed to be installed concurrently. Defaults to 3. The minimal number of installonly packages is 2. Value 0 means unlimited number of installonly packages. Value 1 is explicitely not allowed since it complicates kernel upgrades due to protection of the running kernel from removal. installroot string The root of the filesystem for all packaging operations. It requires an absolute path. See also –installroot commandline option. install_weak_deps boolean When this option is set to True and a new package is about to be installed, all packages linked by weak dependency relation (Recommends or Supplements flags) with this package will be pulled into the transaction. Default is True. keepcache boolean Keeps downloaded packages in the cache when set to True. Even if it is set to False and packages have not been installed they will still persist until next successful transaction. The default is False. logdir string Directory where the log files will be stored. Default is /var/log. logfilelevel integer Log file messages output level, in the range 0 to 10. The higher the number the more debug output is put to logs. Default is 9. This option controls dnf.log, dnf.librepo.log and hawkey.log. Although dnf.librepo.log and hawkey.log are affected only by setting the logfilelevel to 10. log_compress boolean When set to True, log files are compressed when they are rotated. Default is False. log_rotate integer Log files are rotated log_rotate times before being removed. If log_rotate is 0, the rotation is not performed. Default is 4. log_size storage size Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than log_size bytes. If log_size is 0, the rotation is not performed. The default is 1 MB. Valid units are ‘k’, ‘M’, ‘G’. The size applies for individual log files, not the sum of all log files. See also log_rotate. metadata_timer_sync time in seconds The minimal period between two consecutive makecache timer runs. The command will stop immediately if it’s less than this time period since its last run. Does not affect simple makecache run. Use 0 to completely disable automatic metadata synchronizing. The default corresponds to three hours. The value is rounded to the next commenced hour. module_obsoletes boolean This option controls whether dnf should apply modular obsoletes when possible. module_platform_id string Set this to $name:$stream to override PLATFORM_ID detected from /etc/os-release. It is necessary to perform a system upgrade and switch to a new platform. module_stream_switch boolean This option controls whether it’s possible to switch enabled streams of a module. multilib_policy string Controls how multilib packages are treated during install operations. Can either be "best" (the default) for the depsolver to prefer packages which best match the system’s architecture, or "all" to install packages for all available architectures. obsoletes boolean This option only has affect during an install/update. It enables dnf’s obsoletes processing logic, which means it makes dnf check whether any dependencies of given package are no longer required and removes them. Useful when doing distribution level upgrades. Default is ‘true’. Command-line option: –obsoletes persistdir string Directory where DNF stores its persistent data between runs. Default is "/var/lib/dnf". pluginconfpath list List of directories that are searched for plugin configurations to load. All configuration files found in these directories, that are named same as a plugin, are parsed. The default path is /etc/dnf/plugins. pluginpath list List of directories that are searched for plugins to load. Plugins found in any of the directories in this configuration option are used. The default contains a Python version-specific path. plugins boolean Controls whether the plugins are enabled. Default is True. protected_packages list List of packages that DNF should never completely remove. They are protected via Obsoletes as well as user/plugin removals. The default is: dnf, glob:/etc/yum/protected.d/*.conf and glob:/etc/dnf/protected.d/*.conf. So any packages which should be protected can do so by including a file in /etc/dnf/protected.d with their package name in it. DNF will protect also the package corresponding to the running version of the kernel. See also protect_running_kernel option. protect_running_kernel boolean Controls whether the package corresponding to the running version of kernel is protected from removal. Default is True. releasever string Used for substitution of $releasever in the repository configuration. See also repo variables. reposdir list DNF searches for repository configuration files in the paths specified by reposdir. The behavior of reposdir could differ when it is used along with --installroot option. rpmverbosity string RPM debug scriptlet output level. One of: critical, emergency, error, warn, info or debug. Default is info. strict boolean If disabled, all unavailable packages or packages with broken dependencies given to DNF command will be skipped without raising the error causing the whole operation to fail. Currently works for install command only. The default is True. tsflags list List of strings adding extra flags for the RPM transaction. tsflag value RPM Transaction Flag noscripts RPMTRANS_FLAG_NOSCRIPTS test RPMTRANS_FLAG_TEST notriggers RPMTRANS_FLAG_NOTRIGGERS nodocs RPMTRANS_FLAG_NODOCS justdb RPMTRANS_FLAG_JUSTDB nocontexts RPMTRANS_FLAG_NOCONTEXTS nocaps RPMTRANS_FLAG_NOCAPS nocrypto RPMTRANS_FLAG_NOFILEDIGEST The nocrypto option will also set the _RPMVSF_NOSIGNATURES and _RPMVSF_NODIGESTS VS flags. The test option provides a transaction check without performing the transaction. It includes downloading of packages, gpg keys check (including permanent import of additional keys if necessary), and rpm check to prevent file conflicts. The nocaps is supported with rpm-4.14 or later. When nocaps is used but rpm doesn’t support it, DNF only reports it as an invalid tsflag. upgrade_group_objects_upgrade boolean Set this to False to disable the automatic running of group upgrade when running the upgrade command. Default is True (perform the operation). varsdir list List of directories where variables definition files are looked for. Defaults to "/etc/dnf/vars", "/etc/yum/vars". See variable files in Configuration reference. zchunk boolean Enables or disables the use of repository metadata compressed using the zchunk format (if available). Default is True. [main] Options - Colors color string Controls if DNF uses colored output on the command line. Possible values: “auto”, “never”, “always”. Default is “auto”. color_list_available_downgrade color Color of available packages that are older than installed packages. The option is used during list operations. Default is magenta. color_list_available_install color Color of packages that are available for installation and none of their versions in installed. The option is used during list operations. Default is bold,cyan. color_list_available_reinstall color Color of available packages that are identical to installed versions and are available for reinstalls. Default is bold,underline,green. The option is used during list operations. color_list_available_upgrade color Color of available packages that are newer than installed packages. Default is bold,blue. The option is used during list operations. color_list_installed_extra color Color of installed packages that do not have any version among available packages. The option is used during list operations. Default is bold,red. color_list_installed_newer color Color of installed packages that are newer than any version among available packages. The option is used during list operations. Default is bold,yellow. color_list_installed_older color Color of installed packages that are older than any version among available packages. The option is used during list operations. Default is yellow. color_list_installed_reinstall color Color of installed packages that are among available packages and can be reinstalled. The option is used during list operations. Default is cyan. color_search_match color Color of patterns matched in search output. Default is bold,magenta. color_update_installed color Color of removed packages. Default is red. This option is used during displaying transactions. color_update_local color Color of local packages that are installed from the @commandline repository. This option is used during displaying transactions. Default is green. color_update_remote color Color of packages that are installed/upgraded/downgraded from remote repositories. This option is used during displaying transactions. Default is bold,green. Repo Options baseurl list List of URLs for the repository. Defaults to []. URLs are tried in the listed order (equivalent to yum’s “failovermethod=priority” behaviour). cost integer The relative cost of accessing this repository, defaulting to 1000. This value is compared when the priorities of two repositories are the same. The repository with the lowest cost is picked. It is useful to make the library prefer on-disk repositories to remote ones. enabled boolean Include this repository as a package source. The default is True. gpgkey list of strings URLs of a GPG key files that can be used for signing metadata and packages of this repository, empty by default. If a file can not be verified using the already imported keys, import of keys from this option is attempted and the keys are then used for verification. metalink string URL of a metalink for the repository. Defaults to None. mirrorlist string URL of a mirrorlist for the repository. Defaults to None. module_hotfixes boolean Set this to True to disable module RPM filtering and make all RPMs from the repository available. The default is False. This allows user to create a repository with cherry-picked hotfixes that are included in a package set on a modular system. name string A human-readable name of the repository. Defaults to the ID of the repository. priority integer The priority value of this repository, default is 99. If there is more than one candidate package for a particular operation, the one from a repo with the lowest priority value is picked, possibly despite being less convenient otherwise (e.g. by being a lower version). type string Type of repository metadata. Supported values are: rpm-md. Aliases for rpm-md: rpm, repomd, rpmmd, yum, YUM. Repo Variables Right side of every repo option can be enriched by the following variables: $arch Refers to the system’s CPU architecture e.g, aarch64, i586, i686 and x86_64. $basearch Refers to the base architecture of the system. For example, i686 and i586 machines both have a base architecture of i386, and AMD64 and Intel64 machines have a base architecture of x86_64. $releasever Refers to the release version of operating system which DNF derives from information available in RPMDB. In addition to these hard coded variables, user-defined ones can also be used. They can be defined either via variable files, or by using special environmental variables. The names of these variables must be prefixed with DNF_VAR_ and they can only consist of alphanumeric characters and underscores: $ DNF_VAR_MY_VARIABLE=value To use such variable in your repository configuration remove the prefix. E.g.: [myrepo] baseurl=https://example.site/pub/fedora/$MY_VARIABLE/releases/$releasever Note that it is not possible to override the arch and basearch variables using either variable files or environmental variables. Although users are encouraged to use named variables, the numbered environmental variables DNF0 - DNF9 are still supported: $ DNF1=value [myrepo] baseurl=https://example.site/pub/fedora/$DNF1/releases/$releasever Options for both [main] and Repo Some options can be applied in either the main section, per repository, or in a combination. The value provided in the main section is used for all repositories as the default value, which repositories can then override in their configuration. bandwidth storage size Total bandwidth available for downloading. Meaningful when used with the throttle option. Storage size is in bytes by default but can be specified with a unit of storage. Valid units are ‘k’, ‘M’, ‘G’. countme boolean Determines whether a special flag should be added to a single, randomly chosen metalink/mirrorlist query each week. This allows the repository owner to estimate the number of systems consuming it, by counting such queries over a week’s time, which is much more accurate than just counting unique IP addresses (which is subject to both overcounting and undercounting due to short DHCP leases and NAT, respectively). The flag is a simple “countme=N” parameter appended to the metalink and mirrorlist URL, where N is an integer representing the “longevity” bucket this system belongs to. The following 4 buckets are defined, based on how many full weeks have passed since the beginning of the week when this system was installed: 1 = first week, 2 = first month (2-4 weeks), 3 = six months (5-24 weeks) and 4 = more than six months (> 24 weeks). This information is meant to help distinguish short-lived installs from long-term ones, and to gather other statistics about system lifecycle. Default is False. deltarpm boolean When enabled, DNF will save bandwidth by downloading much smaller delta RPM files, rebuilding them to RPM locally. However, this is quite CPU and I/O intensive. Default is True. deltarpm_percentage integer When the relative size of delta vs pkg is larger than this, delta is not used. Default value is 75 (Deltas must be at least 25% smaller than the pkg). Use 0 to turn off delta rpm processing. Local repositories (with file:// baseurl) have delta rpms turned off by default. enablegroups boolean Determines whether DNF will allow the use of package groups for this repository. Default is True (package groups are allowed). excludepkgs list Exclude packages of this repository, specified by a name or a glob and separated by a comma, from all operations. Can be disabled using --disableexcludes command line switch. Defaults to []. fastestmirror boolean If enabled a metric is used to find the fastest available mirror. This overrides the order provided by the mirrorlist/metalink file itself. This file is often dynamically generated by the server to provide the best download speeds and enabling fastestmirror overrides this. The default is False. gpgcheck boolean Whether to perform GPG signature check on packages found in this repository. The default is False. This option can only be used to strengthen the active RPM security policy set with the %_pkgverify_level macro (see the /usr/lib/rpm/macros file for details). That means, if the macro is set to ‘signature’ or ‘all’ and this option is False, it will be overridden to True during DNF runtime, and a warning will be printed. To squelch the warning, make sure this option is True for every enabled repository, and also enable localpkg_gpgcheck. includepkgs list Include packages of this repository, specified by a name or a glob and separated by a comma, in all operations. Inverse of excludepkgs, DNF will exclude any package in the repository that doesn’t match this list. This works in conjunction with excludepkgs and doesn’t override it, so if you ‘excludepkgs=*.i386’ and ‘includepkgs=python*’ then only packages starting with python that do not have an i386 arch will be seen by DNF in this repo. Can be disabled using --disableexcludes command line switch. Defaults to []. ip_resolve IP address type Determines how DNF resolves host names. Set this to ‘4’/’IPv4’ or ‘6’/’IPv6’ to resolve to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses only. By default, DNF resolves to either addresses. localpkg_gpgcheck boolean Whether to perform a GPG signature check on local packages (packages in a file, not in a repository). The default is False. This option is subject to the active RPM security policy (see gpgcheck for more details). max_parallel_downloads integer Maximum number of simultaneous package downloads. Defaults to 3. Maximum of 20. metadata_expire time in seconds The period after which the remote repository is checked for metadata update and in the positive case the local metadata cache is updated. The default corresponds to 48 hours. Set this to -1 or never to make the repo never considered expired. Expire of metadata can be also triggered by change of timestamp of configuration files (dnf.conf, .repo). See also check_config_file_age. minrate storage size This sets the low speed threshold in bytes per second. If the server is sending data at the same or slower speed than this value for at least timeout option seconds, DNF aborts the connection. The default is 1000. Valid units are ‘k’, ‘M’, ‘G’. password string The password to use for connecting to a repository with basic HTTP authentication. Empty by default. proxy string URL of a proxy server to connect through. Set to an empty string to disable the proxy setting inherited from the main section and use direct connection instead. The expected format of this option is ://[:port]. (For backward compatibility, ‘_none_’ can be used instead of the empty string.) Note: The curl environment variables (such as http_proxy) are effective if this option is unset. See the curl man page for details. proxy_username string The username to use for connecting to the proxy server. Empty by default. proxy_password string The password to use for connecting to the proxy server. Empty by default. proxy_auth_method string The authentication method used by the proxy server. Valid values are method meaning basic HTTP Basic authentication digest HTTP Digest authentication negotiate HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication ntlm HTTP NTLM authentication digest_ie HTTP Digest authentication with an IE flavor ntlm_wb NTLM delegating to winbind helper none None auth method any All suitable methods Defaults to any proxy_sslcacert string Path to the file containing the certificate authorities to verify proxy SSL certificates. Empty by default - uses system default. proxy_sslverify boolean When enabled, proxy SSL certificates are verified. If the client can not be authenticated, connecting fails and the repository is not used any further. If False, SSL connections can be used, but certificates are not verified. Default is True. proxy_sslclientcert string Path to the SSL client certificate used to connect to proxy server. Empty by default. proxy_sslclientkey string Path to the SSL client key used to connect to proxy server. Empty by default. repo_gpgcheck boolean Whether to perform GPG signature check on this repository’s metadata. The default is False. retries integer Set the number of total retries for downloading packages. The number is accumulative, so e.g. for retries=10, dnf will fail after any package download fails for eleventh time. Setting this to 0 makes dnf try forever. Default is 10. skip_if_unavailable boolean If enabled, DNF will continue running and disable the repository that couldn’t be synchronized for any reason. This option doesn’t affect skipping of unavailable packages after dependency resolution. To check inaccessibility of repository use it in combination with refresh command line option. The default is False. Note this option in particular can be set in your configuration file by your distribution. sslcacert string Path to the file containing the certificate authorities to verify SSL certificates. Empty by default - uses system default. sslverify boolean When enabled, remote SSL certificates are verified. If the client can not be authenticated, connecting fails and the repository is not used any further. If False, SSL connections can be used, but certificates are not verified. Default is True. sslverifystatus boolean When enabled, revocation status of the server certificate is verified using the “Certificate Status Request” TLS extension (aka. OCSP stapling). Default is False. sslclientcert string Path to the SSL client certificate used to connect to remote sites. Empty by default. sslclientkey string Path to the SSL client key used to connect to remote sites. Empty by default. throttle storage size Limits the downloading speed. It might be an absolute value or a percentage, relative to the value of the bandwidth option option. 0 means no throttling (the default). The absolute value is in bytes by default but can be specified with a unit of storage. Valid units are ‘k’, ‘M’, ‘G’. timeout time in seconds Number of seconds to wait for a connection before timing out. Used in combination with minrate option option. Defaults to 30 seconds. username string The username to use for connecting to repo with basic HTTP authentication. Empty by default. user_agent string The User-Agent string to include in HTTP requests sent by DNF. Defaults to libdnf (NAME VERSION_ID; VARIANT_ID; OS.BASEARCH) where NAME, VERSION_ID and VARIANT_ID are OS identifiers read from the os-release(5) file, and OS and BASEARCH are the canonical OS name and base architecture, respectively. Example: libdnf (Fedora 31; server; Linux.x86_64) Types of Options boolean This is a data type with only two possible values. One of following options can be used: 1, 0, True, False, yes, no integer It is a whole number that can be written without a fractional component. list It is an option that could represent one or more strings separated by space or comma characters. string It is a sequence of symbols or digits without any whitespace character. color A string describing color and modifiers separated with a comma, for example “red,bold”. Colors: black, blue, cyan, green, magenta, red, white, yellow Modifiers: bold, blink, dim, normal, reverse, underline

 

 

Melhorar a velocidade do dnf do Fedora Linux. 

 

Para essa finaliae ireos usar duas configurações no arquivo /etc/dnf/dnf.conf, max_parallel_downloads e fastestmirror.

 

max_parallel_downloads 

Número máximo de downloads simultâneos de pacotes. O padrão é 3. Máximo de 20.

 

fastestmirror 

Se ativado, uma métrica é usada para localizar o espelho disponível mais rápido. Isso substitui a ordem fornecida pelo próprio arquivo mirrorlist/metalink. Esse arquivo geralmente é gerado dinamicamente pelo servidor para fornecer as melhores velocidades de download e habilitar o espelhamento mais rápido substitui isso. O padrão é falso.

 

Para configurar o seu dnf abra o arquivo e configurações pelo terinal.

Log como Root.

su

Abra o arquivo e configurações com o editor e texto Nano.

nano  /etc/dnf/dnf.conf

Adicione as linhas abaixo no final do arquivo, passando o liite de downloas paralelos de 3 para 6 e habilitando a busca por servidores de pacotes mais rápidos.

 

max_parallel_downloads=6

fastestmirror=True  

Ficando como na imagem.

Salve teclando Ctrl + x tecle s e tecle Enter para fechar.

Atualize o sistema e já ira sentir a diferença na velocidade do download dos pacotes.

dnf upgrade --refresh

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