Comprou um adaptador USB Wifi ou Bluetooth e ele não funciona na sua distribuição GNU/Linux, confira nessa matéria como resolver.

Driver do adaptador wifi USB

O Linux que você conhece nada mais é que um núcleo, o software que faz a ligação entre o sistema operacional e o hardware, que nesse caso são os dispositivos USB Wifi e Bluetooth.

No caso da Wifi não teremos muitos problemas, mas no caso dos Bluetooth você pode ter problemas graves.

Os desenvolvedores do kernel Linux por segurança ou alguma incompatibilidade com os chips de Bluetooth a cada lançamento adicionam novos chips a "Black List", nesses casos muito pouco se pode fazer.

Mesmo o dispositivo não funcionando o Kernel nos fornece informações do mesmo e são essas informações que você precisa obter para conseguir fazer funcionar.

Identificar o dispositivo

Por se tratarem de dispositivos USB precisamos de um programa de identificação para essa finalidade, temos vários, mas o mais eficiente e simples de usar é o lsusb.

"lsusb é um utilitário para exibir informações sobre barramentos USB no sistema e os dispositivos conectados a eles. Para fazer uso de todos os recursos deste programa, você precisa ter um kernel Linux que suporte a interface /dev/bus/usb, todas as versões recentes têm."

Fonte

Veja na imagem que o dispositivo localizado ao conectar o mesmo a uma porta USB e executar o comando lsusb no terminal, temos a identificação do dispositivo.

Nesse exemplo temos as informações 0cf3:9271, Atheros e AR9271

O comando a ser executado no terminal para identificar o hardware.

lsusb

Aqui já podemos identificar devidamente o hardware e descobrir o porque o Kernel Linux não consegue fazer o dispositivo se comunicar com o sistema e funcionar.

O Kernel Linux só contem drivers ( Firmware ) de código aberto, nesse exemplo temos um hardware do fabricante Atheros e esse mantém a maioria dos seus drivers em código fechado.

Sendo assim toda a responsabilidade de o dispositivo funcionar é do fabricante fornecer o driver adequado.

A Atheros fornece um pacote de código fechado de nome "firmware-atheros" que contém drivers para rede wifi, cabo e bluetooth e estão na lista abaixo.

* Atheros AR3012 rev 01020001 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x01020001.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020200 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x01020200.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020201 patch, version 170 (ar3k/AthrBT_0x01020201.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 11020000 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x11020000.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 11020100 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x11020100.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 31010000 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x31010000.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 31010100 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x31010100.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 41020000 patch (ar3k/AthrBT_0x41020000.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020001 config (ar3k/ramps_0x01020001_26.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020200 26 MHz config (ar3k/ramps_0x01020200_26.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020200 40 MHz config (ar3k/ramps_0x01020200_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020201 26 MHz config (ar3k/ramps_0x01020201_26.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 01020201 40 MHz config (ar3k/ramps_0x01020201_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 11020000 config (ar3k/ramps_0x11020000_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 11020100 config (ar3k/ramps_0x11020100_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 31010000 config (ar3k/ramps_0x31010000_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 31010100 config (ar3k/ramps_0x31010100_40.dfu) * Atheros AR3012 rev 41020000 config (ar3k/ramps_0x41020000_40.dfu) * Atheros AR5523 firmware (ar5523.bin) * Atheros AR7010 rev 1.0 firmware (ar7010.fw) * Atheros AR7010 rev 1.1 firmware (ar7010_1_1.fw) * Atheros AR9271 firmware (ar9271.fw) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA4019 rev 1.0 board configuration (ath10k/QCA4019/hw1.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA4019 rev 1.0 firmware, version 10.4-3.6-00140 (ath10k/QCA4019/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 2.1 board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 2.1 board configuration, version 2 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 2.1 firmware, version SW_RM.1.1.1-00157-QCARMSWPZ-1 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 3.0 board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 3.0 board configuration (ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 3.0 firmware, version WLAN.RM.2.0-00180-QCARMSWPZ-1 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/firmware-4.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 rev 3.0 firmware, version WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00157-QCARMSWPZ-1 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/firmware-6.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 SDIO rev 3.0 firmware, version WLAN.RMH.4.4.1-00077 (ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/firmware-sdio-6.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 rev 1.0 board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 rev 1.0 board configuration, version 2 (ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 rev 1.0 firmware, version WLAN.TF.1.0-00267-1 (ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 rev 1.0 firmware, version WLAN.TF.2.1-00021-QCARMSWP-1 (ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/firmware-6.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 rev 1.0 firmware, version WLAN.TF.1.1.1-00061-QCATFSWPZ-1 (ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/firmware-sdio-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9887 rev 1.0 board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA9887/hw1.0/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9887 rev 1.0 firmware, version 10.2.4-1.0-00041 (ath10k/QCA9887/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9888 rev 2.0 board configuration, version 2 (ath10k/QCA9888/hw2.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9888 rev 2.0 firmware, version 10.4-3.9.0.2-00131 (ath10k/QCA9888/hw2.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA988X board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA988X firmware, version 10.2.4.45 (ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/firmware-4.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA988X firmware, version 10.2.4-1.0-00043 (ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9984 rev 1.0 board configuration, version 2 (ath10k/QCA9984/hw1.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9984 rev 1.0 firmware, version 10.4-3.9.0.2-00131 (ath10k/QCA9984/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA99X0 board configuration, version 1 (ath10k/QCA99X0/hw2.0/board.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA99X0 firmware, version 10.4.1.00030-1 (ath10k/QCA99X0/hw2.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros WCN3990 firmware (ath10k/WCN3990/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros WCN3990 wlan DSP firmware (ath10k/WCN3990/hw1.0/wlanmdsp.mbn) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax board-2.bin firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax m3_fw.b00 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/m3_fw.b00) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax m3_fw.b01 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/m3_fw.b01) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax m3_fw.b02 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/m3_fw.b02) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax m3_fw.flist firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/m3_fw.flist) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax m3_fw.mdt firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/m3_fw.mdt) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b00 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b00) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b01 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b01) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b02 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b02) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b03 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b03) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b04 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b04) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b05 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b05) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b07 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b07) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.b08 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.b08) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.flist firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.flist) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax q6_fw.mdt firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ6018/hw1.0/q6_fw.mdt) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 board firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 m3_fw.b00 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/m3_fw.b00) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 m3_fw.b01 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/m3_fw.b01) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 m3_fw.b02 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/m3_fw.b02) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 m3_fw.flist firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/m3_fw.flist) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 m3_fw.mdt firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/m3_fw.mdt) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b00 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b00) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b01 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b01) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b02 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b02) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b03 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b03) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b04 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b04) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b05 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b05) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b07 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b07) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.b08 firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.b08) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.list firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.flist) * Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074 q6_fw.mdt firmware, version WLAN.HK.2.1.0.1-01238-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-2 (ath11k/IPQ8074/hw2.0/q6_fw.mdt) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6390 board-2 firmware, version WLAN.HST.1.0.1-01740-QCAHSTSWPLZ_V2_TO_X86-1 (ath11k/QCA6390/hw2.0/board-2.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6390 amss firmware, version WLAN.HST.1.0.1-01740-QCAHSTSWPLZ_V2_TO_X86-1 (ath11k/QCA6390/hw2.0/amss.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6390 m3 firmware, version WLAN.HST.1.0.1-01740-QCAHSTSWPLZ_V2_TO_X86-1 (ath11k/QCA6390/hw2.0/m3.bin) * Atheros AR3011 firmware (ath3k-1.fw) * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/athwlan.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/bdata.SD31.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/bdata.SD32.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/bdata.WB31.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/data.patch.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/endpointping.bin * ath6k/AR6003.1/hw2.1.1/otp.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/athwlan.bin.z77 * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/bdata.SD31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/bdata.SD32.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/bdata.WB31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/data.patch.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw1.0/otp.bin.z77 * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/athwlan.bin.z77 * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/bdata.SD31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/bdata.SD32.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/bdata.WB31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/data.patch.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/otp.bin.z77 * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/athwlan.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/bdata.SD31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/bdata.SD32.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/bdata.WB31.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/data.patch.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/endpointping.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/fw-2.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/fw-3.bin * ath6k/AR6003/hw2.1.1/otp.bin * ath6k/AR6004/hw1.2/bdata.bin * ath6k/AR6004/hw1.2/fw-2.bin * ath6k/AR6004/hw1.3/bdata.bin * ath6k/AR6004/hw1.3/fw-3.bin * Atheros AR7010 firmware, version 1.4.0 (ath9k_htc/htc_7010-1.4.0.fw) * Atheros AR9271 firmware, version 1.4.0 (ath9k_htc/htc_9271-1.4.0.fw) * Atheros AR7010 firmware, version 1.3.1 (htc_7010.fw) * Atheros AR9271 firmware, version 1.3.1 (htc_9271.fw) * Qualcomm WCN3990 Bluetooth firmware (qca/crbtfw21.tlv) * Qualcomm WCN3991 RAM FW (qca/crbtfw32.tlv) * Qualcomm WCN3990 Bluetooth NVM configuration (qca/crnv21.bin) * Qualcomm WCN3991 Bluetooth NVM configuration (qca/crnv32.bin) * Qualcomm WCN3991 Bluetooth NVM configuration (qca/crnv32u.bin) * Qualcomm QCA6390 Bluetooth HTBFW20 firmware, version v2.0.0-00874 (qca/htbtfw20.tlv) * Qualcomm QCA6390 Bluetooth HTNV20 firmware, version v2.0.0-00874 (qca/htnv20.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.0 UART BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_00130300.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.2 UART BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_00130302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 Bluetooth firmware (qca/nvm_00230302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_00440302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 BT NVM firmware (qca/nvm_00440302_eu.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 BT NVM firmware (qca/nvm_00440302_i2s_eu.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 2.0 USB BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_usb_00000200.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 2.1 USB BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_usb_00000201.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.0 USB BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_usb_00000300.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.2 USB BT NVM configuration (qca/nvm_usb_00000302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 firmware (qca/nvm_usb_00000302_eu.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.0 UART BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_00130300.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.2 UART BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_00130302.bin) * Qualcomm QCA9377 BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_00230302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_00440302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 2.0 USB BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_usb_00000200.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 2.1 USB BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_usb_00000201.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.0 USB BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_usb_00000300.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros QCA61x4 version 3.2 USB BT rampatch (qca/rampatch_usb_00000302.bin) * Qualcomm Atheros Wil62x0 default board parameters, version 5.2.0.18 (wil6210.brd) * Qualcomm Atheros Wil62x0 firmware, version 5.2.0.18 (wil6210.fw)

Como encontrar o driver para o meu dispositivo

A ferramenta mais objetiva para você conseguir o driver adequado é o Google, você deve usar na pesquisa.

Informação do lsusb + nome da distribuição Linux

Exemplo dessa matéria:

0cf3:9271 Ubuntu

Note alguns resultados da pesquisa.

AR9271 Ubuntu

Note alguns resultados da pesquisa.

 

Isso sempre deve ser usado no Google como se optar por fazer perguntas em fóruns forneça as informações obtidas pelo comando lsusb.

Infelizmente essa é a unica forma de resolver o seu problema, isso por culpa total do fabricante do seu hardware que mantem o código fonte fechado, do contrario o driver estária incorporado ao Kernel Linux.